Impact of Cadmium and Lead Exposure on Camel Testicular Function: Environmental Contamination and Reproductive Health

The free grazing habits of camels from various sources may cause heavy metals to bioaccumulate in their tissues and organs, possibly resulting higher amounts these toxic substances bodies over time. aim this study was assess the exposure impact lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd) on bull Lassi breed, aged 7 8 years, at a site near industrial area another two non-industrial sites, analyze presence metals. Samples three sites were collected thirty (n = 10/each), soil water 30), five different plants 15/each) for analysis. Testes atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum samples obtained measure testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA). plants, soil, water, blood, serum urine AAS. According results, testes’ weight, length, width, volume significantly decreased compared with other as result Cd Pb. Additionally, blood concentrations considerably lower site, indicating detrimental testicular steroidogenesis. histological investigation indicated structural disturbances, including seminiferous tubule degeneration shedding, cellular debris tubules, lining epithelium depletion, vacuolation. Elevated Pb found when analyzed using testes, serum, urine. These findings demonstrate adverse effects camel function, weight altered are essential understanding reproductive function developing successful prevention management plans exposures species.